GermanWikipedia - /page/entry.mu

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Superpartner</title>

</head>

<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Superpartner</span></h1>

</header>

</div>

<caption><a href="MSSM#Wechselwirkungseigenzustände" class="mw-redirect" title="MSSM">Wechselwirkungseigenzustände</a>

</caption>

<th>

</th>

<th colspan="3"><a href="Standardmodell" title="Standardmodell">SM</a>-<i>artige</i> Felder<br>(<a href="R-Parit%C3%A4t" class="mw-redirect" title="R-Parität">P<sub>R</sub> = +1</a>)

</th>

<th colspan="3">Superpartner <br>(<a href="R-Parit%C3%A4t" class="mw-redirect" title="R-Parität">P<sub>R</sub> = -1</a>)

</th></tr>

<td><b><a href="Eichtheorie" title="Eichtheorie">Eichgruppe</a></b>

</td>

<td>

</td>

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td>

</td>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<msub>

</mrow>

</msub>

</mstyle>

</mrow>

<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U(1)\,\!_{Y}}</annotation>

</semantics>

</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bdc1099d15cf23a50585fba785b4b891fd98e9ae.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.241ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U(1)\,\!_{Y}}" loading="lazy"></span>

</td>

</mstyle>

</mrow>

<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B\,\!}</annotation>

</semantics>

</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cf2670cb2bfb471dca31dd3da10251997439eed9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:2.151ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B\,\!}" loading="lazy"></span>)

</td>

<td>1

</td>

<td rowspan="3"><a href="Eichboson" title="Eichboson">Eich-<br>Bosonen</a>

</td>

<mover>

</mover>

</mrow>

</mstyle>

</mrow>

<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {B}}}</annotation>

</semantics>

</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8718f34f831a60f29ec45af658fba7b7c8b5de05.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {B}}}" loading="lazy"></span>)

</td>

<td>½

</td>

<td rowspan="3"><a href="Gaugino" title="Gaugino">Gauginos</a><br>(Fermionen)

</td></tr>

<tr>

<msub>

</mrow>

</msub>

</mstyle>

</mrow>

<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle SU(2)\,\!_{L}}</annotation>

</semantics>

</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/61375e1e8e554b4114a205dde914645a83d420d0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.605ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle SU(2)\,\!_{L}}" loading="lazy"></span>

</td>

</mstyle>

</mrow>

<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W\,\!}</annotation>

</semantics>

</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4a17475c45c0a3f3fe7a24e60e5455f05f831e47.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:2.822ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W\,\!}" loading="lazy"></span>)

</td>

<td>1

</td>

<td>Winos (<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {W}}}">

<mover>

</mover>

</mrow>

</mstyle>

</mrow>

<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {W}}}</annotation>

</semantics>

</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0dae50f239be9486a2273ec98c497e983610fab1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.435ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {W}}}" loading="lazy"></span>)

</td>

<td>½

</td></tr>

<tr>

<msub>

</mrow>

</msub>

</mstyle>

</mrow>

<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle SU(3)\,\!_{c}}</annotation>

</semantics>

</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/122fc41b8c377a2dc7e7691a638c66d8ad8bade1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.198ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle SU(3)\,\!_{c}}" loading="lazy"></span>

</td>

<td><a href="Gluon" title="Gluon">Gluonen</a> (<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g\,\!}">

</mstyle>

</mrow>

<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g\,\!}</annotation>

</semantics>

</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/52136c045b9d3473de5032bf1ff930682c76d30c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:1.503ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g\,\!}" loading="lazy"></span>)

</td>

<td>1

</td>

<td><a href="Gluino" title="Gluino">Gluinos</a> (<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {g}}}">

<mover>

</mover>

</mrow>

</mstyle>

</mrow>

<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {g}}}</annotation>

</semantics>

</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bcf709e979316ee494a3f076f7e1d97be44a3f8f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.232ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {g}}}" loading="lazy"></span>)

</td>

<td>½

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>—

</td>

<td><i><a href="Higgs-Feld" class="mw-redirect" title="Higgs-Feld">Higgs-Felder</a></i> (<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle H\,\!}">

</mstyle>

</mrow>

<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle H\,\!}</annotation>

</semantics>

</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4dd7e40afb3534e6d653e2410691197dbcdda17f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:2.451ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle H\,\!}" loading="lazy"></span>)

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td rowspan="2"><a href="Boson" title="Boson">Bosonen</a>

</td>

<td><i><a href="Higgsino" title="Higgsino">Higgsinos</a></i> (<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {H}}}">

<mover>

</mover>

</mrow>

</mstyle>

</mrow>

<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {H}}}</annotation>

</semantics>

</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6f77165c6999c6fd7eda317fb904e2c1fe4aa038.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.064ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {H}}}" loading="lazy"></span>)

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td rowspan="2">Fermionen

</td></tr>

<td>—

</td>

<td><i><a href="Graviton" title="Graviton">Graviton</a></i> (<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G\,\!}">

</mstyle>

</mrow>

<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G\,\!}</annotation>

</semantics>

</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c5360c2263beb7cabb600946e9d8d2f34f6eb17e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:2.214ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G\,\!}" loading="lazy"></span>)

</td>

<td>2

</td>

<td><i><a href="Gravitino" title="Gravitino">Gravitino</a></i> (<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {G}}}">

<mover>

</mover>

</mrow>

</mstyle>

</mrow>

<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {G}}}</annotation>

</semantics>

</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/312d458e93142c5d455e0ab9837b52147ff843dc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.827ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {G}}}" loading="lazy"></span>)

</td>

<td>3/2

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>—

</td>

<td><a href="Lepton" title="Lepton">Leptonen</a> (<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e,\mu ,\tau ,\nu _{e},\nu _{\mu },\nu _{\tau }\!\,}">

<msub>

</mrow>

</msub>

<msub>

</mrow>

</msub>

<msub>

</mrow>

</msub>

</mstyle>

</mrow>

<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e,\mu ,\tau ,\nu _{e},\nu _{\mu },\nu _{\tau }\!\,}</annotation>

</semantics>

</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8e3baade72ad4e0fb2db8d30cc3f792193b73bd0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:15.606ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e,\mu ,\tau ,\nu _{e},\nu _{\mu },\nu _{\tau }\!\,}" loading="lazy"></span>)

</td>

<td>½

</td>

<td rowspan="2"><a href="Fermion" title="Fermion">Fermionen</a>

</td>

<td>Sleptonen (<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {e}},{\tilde {\mu }},{\tilde {\tau }},{\tilde {\nu }}_{e},{\tilde {\nu }}_{\mu },{\tilde {\nu }}_{\tau }}">

<mover>

</mover>

</mrow>

<mover>

</mover>

</mrow>

<mover>

</mover>

</mrow>

<msub>

<mover>

</mover>

</mrow>

</mrow>

</msub>

<msub>

<mover>

</mover>

</mrow>

</mrow>

</msub>

<msub>

<mover>

</mover>

</mrow>

</mrow>

</msub>

</mstyle>

</mrow>

<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {e}},{\tilde {\mu }},{\tilde {\tau }},{\tilde {\nu }}_{e},{\tilde {\nu }}_{\mu },{\tilde {\nu }}_{\tau }}</annotation>

</semantics>

</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bbd82b718654c8a4de9e6cd809182e7e021b1155.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:16.483ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {e}},{\tilde {\mu }},{\tilde {\tau }},{\tilde {\nu }}_{e},{\tilde {\nu }}_{\mu },{\tilde {\nu }}_{\tau }}" loading="lazy"></span>)

</td>

<td>0

</td>

<td rowspan="2">Bosonen

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>—

</td>

<td><a href="Quark_(Physik)" title="Quark (Physik)">Quarks</a> (<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d,u,s,c,b,t\!\,}">

</mstyle>

</mrow>

<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d,u,s,c,b,t\!\,}</annotation>

</semantics>

</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e19aa021444cc55e5e2e947a7c5a49ec28c906f5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.65ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d,u,s,c,b,t\!\,}" loading="lazy"></span>)

</td>

<td>½

</td>

<td>Squarks (<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {d}},{\tilde {u}},{\tilde {s}},{\tilde {c}},{\tilde {b}},{\tilde {t}}}">

<mover>

</mover>

</mrow>

<mover>

</mover>

</mrow>

<mover>

</mover>

</mrow>

<mover>

</mover>

</mrow>

<mover>

</mover>

</mrow>

<mover>

</mover>

</mrow>

</mstyle>

</mrow>

<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {d}},{\tilde {u}},{\tilde {s}},{\tilde {c}},{\tilde {b}},{\tilde {t}}}</annotation>

</semantics>

</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e1b3244c4cb22ef70c0a17eb8624779964caa9c2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.183ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {d}},{\tilde {u}},{\tilde {s}},{\tilde {c}},{\tilde {b}},{\tilde {t}}}" loading="lazy"></span>)

</td>

<td>0

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><a href="Supersymmetrie" title="Supersymmetrie">Supersymmetrische</a> (SUSY) Theorien der <a href="Elementarteilchenphysik" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementarteilchenphysik">Elementarteilchenphysik</a> sagen für jedes vorhandene <a href="Elementarteilchen" title="Elementarteilchen">Elementarteilchen</a> die Existenz mindestens eines Partnerteilchens (<b>Superpartners</b> oder <b>S-Teilchens</b>) voraus, das – mit Ausnahme des <a href="Spin" title="Spin">Spins</a> – exakt gleiche <a href="Quantenzahl" title="Quantenzahl">Quantenzahlen</a> besitzt.

</p><p>Der Spin des supersymmetrischen Partners ist i. A. um ½ geringer, d. h. den <a href="Boson" title="Boson">Bosonen</a> (<a href="Ganzzahlig" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganzzahlig">ganzzahliger</a> Spin) und den <a href="Fermion" title="Fermion">Fermionen</a> (<a href="Halbzahlig" title="Halbzahlig">halbzahliger</a> Spin) werden jeweils supersymmetrische Partner aus der anderen Teilchensorte zugeordnet.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwendung_des_Begriffs">Verwendung des Begriffs</h2></div>

<p>Der Ausdruck <i>Superpartner</i> bezieht sich entweder im Plural auf eine Menge Teilchen, die zueinander Partnerteilchen sind, oder im Singular auf die Partner der 'normalen' Teilchen (im Englischen auch <i>sparticle</i> genannt).

</p><p>Als „normale“ Teilchen in diesem Sinn (bzw. „standardmodell<i>artige</i>“ Teilchen, weil sie noch nicht durch Supersymmetrie-Transformationen entstanden sind) gelten:

</p>

<ul><li>alle Teilchen (und <a href="Antiteilchen" title="Antiteilchen">Antiteilchen</a>) des <a href="Standardmodell" title="Standardmodell">Standardmodells</a> der Teilchenphysik (SM). Dieses beinhaltet alle bisher experimentell nachgewiesenen fundamentalen <a href="Elementarteilchen" title="Elementarteilchen">Elementarteilchen</a>.</li>

<li>zusätzliche <a href="Higgs-Feld" class="mw-redirect" title="Higgs-Feld">Higgs-Felder</a>, die von SUSY-Theorien wie dem <a href="Minimales_supersymmetrisches_Standardmodell" title="Minimales supersymmetrisches Standardmodell">minimalen supersymmetrischen Standardmodell</a> benötigt werden</li>

<li>das hypothetische <a href="Graviton" title="Graviton">Graviton</a>.</li></ul>

<p>Für diese Teilchen ist die <a href="R-Parit%C3%A4t" class="mw-redirect" title="R-Parität">R-Parität</a> +1, für ihre Superpartner −1.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Namensgebung">Namensgebung</h2></div>

<ul><li>Der Superpartner eines Bosons (gleich ob Teilchen oder Feld) – ein supersymmetrisches Fermion – heißt <i>Bosino</i>, der Name endet auf <i>-ino</i> (ggf. anstelle von <i>-on</i>).</li>

<li>Der Superpartner eines Fermions – ein supersymmetrisches Boson – heißt <i>Sfermion</i>, im Namen wird ein <i>S-</i> vorangestellt. Beispiele: <i>Squark</i>, <i>Selektron</i> (<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {e}}}">

<mover>

</mover>

</mrow>

</mstyle>

</mrow>

<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {e}}}</annotation>

</semantics>

</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0f3ea884aa522cf72219a31dd66576a6182eda4a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.292ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {e}}}" loading="lazy"></span>), <i>Sdown</i> (<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {d}}}">

<mover>

</mover>

</mrow>

</mstyle>

</mrow>

<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {d}}}</annotation>

</semantics>

</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/afb9fda2e4688b1c68a1b1dedf263debfb9ebf3a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.582ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {d}}}" loading="lazy"></span>)</li>

<li><a href="Neutrino" title="Neutrino">Neutrinos</a> sind trotz ihres Namens <i>keine</i> Superteilchen, sondern 'normale' Fermionen, ihre Superpartner sind die <i>Sneutrinos</i>.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Masse">Masse</h2></div>

<p>Im Standardmodell existieren keine Teilchen bzw. Felder, die zueinander Superpartner sind. Sollten Superpartner von Elementarteilchen tatsächlich in der Natur existieren, so wird angenommen, dass diese eine große <a href="Masse_(Physik)" title="Masse (Physik)">Masse</a> besitzen und dass Supersymmetrie in dem bislang an <a href="Teilchenbeschleuniger" title="Teilchenbeschleuniger">Teilchenbeschleunigern</a> experimentell zugänglichen Energiebereich eine <a href="Symmetriebrechung" title="Symmetriebrechung">gebrochene Symmetrie</a> ist.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="Chargino" title="Chargino">Chargino</a></li>

<li><a href="Neutralino" title="Neutralino">Neutralino</a></li>

<li><a href="Leichtestes_supersymmetrisches_Teilchen" title="Leichtestes supersymmetrisches Teilchen">Leichtestes supersymmetrisches Teilchen</a>, ein Kandidat für die <a href="Dunkle_Materie" title="Dunkle Materie">Dunkle Materie</a></li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

Dieser Artikel wurde von <a class="external text" title="Zuletzt bearbeitet am 2026-01-06" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Superpartner&oldid=263102557">Wikipedia</a> herausgegeben. Der Text ist unter <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> verfügbar, sofern nicht anders angegeben. Für die Mediendateien können zusätzliche Bedingungen gelten.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>